Ever considered treating child behavioural problems with an extra serving of Omeg-3?
Australian children are increasingly being diagnosed with learning disabilities. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder among children.
What causes or contributes to ADHD?
There are a number of factors associated with ADHD such as oxygen deprivation at birth, smoking during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome.Poor diet and nutrient deficiencies contribute to ADHD symptoms. Many children with ADHD show symptoms including hypersensitivity to foods and additives, essential fatty acid deficiency and mineral deficiencies. Deficiencies in zinc, magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to concentration, memory and learning disabilities in children with ADHD.
Recent studies show that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial as a substitute to ADHD medications. In one study children who presented with ADHD demonstrated a significant decrease in symptoms when using omega-3 supplementation. The decrease in symptoms was not as rapid as prescribed ADHD medication; however the change was significant.
Essential fatty acids and phospholipids are essential for normal neuronal structure and must be supplied through the diet. The brain and nervous system rely heavily on essential nutrients, especially during critical periods of development. An EFA (essential fatty acid) dietary deficiency may increase the risk of ADHD. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can improve neurotransmitter reception in the brain. The ratio between omega-6 fatty acids (found in canola oil, sunflower oil) and omega-3 is important. The western diet has produced an imbalance in these. EFA deficient symptoms have been observed to be higher in children with ADHD. Children with EFA deficiency might present with symptoms such as dry hair and skin, eczema, recurrent infections, increased thirst and behavioural problems. Correcting EFA deficiencies can improve ADHD.
Higher omega-3 levels increase DHA levels, which has shown, lowers anxiety/shyness and enhances reading. Higher omega-6 levels shows poorer scores in reading, vocabulary, spelling and attention. Omega-3 supplement with children can control ADHD symptoms.
Where do you get sources of Omega-3?
One of the best sources of EFA is fish. Salmon, trout and herring have high concentrations of EPA and DHA. Fish lipids are virtually the only source of EPA and DHA. Salmon is recognised as a functional food (health-supportive food) based on its high omega-3 fatty content. Four ounces of salmon will usually contain two grams of omega-3 fats. This is more than the average person gets from all food combined over three days.
Nutrients in Salmon
While salmon is very high in omega-3 it also offers high levels of protein, selenium, phosphorus and is rich in vitamins. Selenium is associated with decreased risk of joint inflammation, cardiovascular protection and prevention of certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Small bioactive protein molecules (called bioactive peptides) in salmon offer support for joint cartilage, insulin effectiveness, and control of inflammation in the digestive tract. Fish is also one of the best sources of iodine. Iodine is an essential trace element, integral constituent of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and maturation of our bodies.
What’s the risk?
Fish is recognised to be a great source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids. However, there are concerns over the risk of mercury contaminations of consuming fish.
So, do the nutritional benefits outweigh the risk of mercury exposure?
The nutritional benefits of fish generally outweigh mercury exposure, considering lower mercury fish are chosen and weekly intake of fish is restricted. 198g to 283g would be considered restricted.
Higher Risk Fish
Larger, longer-lived fish like swordfish, king mackerel, shark, and great northern tilefish are examples of high-risk fish with mercury content. These fish can contain more than 1 milligram of mercury per kilogram of weight.
Lower Risk Fish
Wild Pacific salmon, flounder, scallops, and shrimp and some farm-raised cat fish have lower levels of mercury contamination.
How to eat your salmon
If eating farmed or wild-caught salmon (other than Alaskan) it is best to remove the skin due to the pollutants in the water. Whereas, if eating Alaskan salmon it is best to leave the skin on due to the nutrition value in the skin.
When cooking your salmon it’s best to avoid over cooking, or drying out the fish as it loses its nutritional value. Baking or broiling is preferred methods and avoid burning when grilling as this can be carcinogenic.
Other excellent sources of omega-3 include sardines, salmon and flax seeds. Walnuts and flaxseeds are plant foods high in omega-3, however, do not compare to salmon because their omega-3 fats are in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) rather than EPA or DHA. .
If you’re concerned that you or your family may be EFA deficient you can test yourself by visiting wwe.omeg-3centre.com, or consult your healthcare professional.
Health and Happiness
Jo
Sources
Omega-3fatty acid treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition: ‘Junk food’ diet and childhood behavioural problems
www.nutritionaustralia.org
http://www.omega3centre.com
Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AHDH)
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids: Physical fatty acid deficiency signs in children with ADHD symptoms
The Brown University Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update
http://www.whfoods.org